Do Hand Sanitizers Actually Work? Experts Weigh In

Since the pandemic, hand sanitizers have become a staple in homes, workplaces, and public spaces worldwide. Leading market research firm, Nielsen, found that U.S. hand sanitizer sales grew 73% in the first four weeks of 2020. Yet despite this surge, the big question remains: do hand sanitizers actually work? The answer is both yes and no.

Despite being a convenient method of staying protected, myths and misconceptions have clouded the anti-germ world—making it challenging to know if they are truly effective. When also factoring in that hand sanitizers usually only protect the hands for a couple of minutes, their efficacy so many rave about can be misleading entirely.

Understanding Hand Sanitizers and Their Purpose

In simple terms, hand sanitizers are designed for situations where soap and water are not available. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that alcohol-based sanitizers contain between 60-95% alcohol content to effectively kill germs. The harsh reality for those using products with less than 60% alcohol content is that they are not effective.

When there is not enough alcohol to break down germ proteins, the results fall short. It is also important to note that not all alcohol-based sanitizers kill all germs. For example, sanitizers are not capable of eliminating certain viruses such as norovirus. They are also less effective against some harmful chemicals and visible dirt.

In the end, it is crucial to listen to public health experts about the most effective protection methods. While alcohol is effective at killing germs, washing your hands with soap and water or an antimicrobial cleanser will always be the best option. This remains true whether you are simply cleansing your hands after eating, or trying to stay safe during a pandemic.

Myths and Misconceptions About Hand Sanitizer

Hand sanitizers remain one of the most widely used methods for quick cleansing, but several myths persist. Without proper use, this popular product can be ineffective.

Myth #1: The More You Use, the Better

Most people believe that the more sanitizer one uses, the better they are protected. However, larger amounts do not equate to higher alcohol content or enhanced effectiveness. A dime-sized amount is enough to fight germs.

Myth #2: They Protect For Hours

Consider this: after applying hand sanitizer, you touch a contaminated door handle to exit a building. Any protective layer created by the sanitizer is now compromised. These products are only able to kill germs immediately after application, not afterward. Unless you use an antimicrobial product specifically designed to protect for several hours, do not expect the same results from regular hand sanitizer.

Founder and CEO of Laboratory Skin Care® (LSC) Zari Mansouri, shares, “Hand sanitizers are effective and offer valuable, immediate results in healthcare settings, but lack long-term practical use for everyday consumers.” LSC’s Antimicrobial Moisturizer continues to protect against new germ exposure for over four hours, offering a more reliable option.

Myth #3: A Quick Rub Does the Job

For hand sanitizer to be effective, it must be used correctly. This means rubbing it all over both hands until they are completely dry. Something as simple as wiping your hands before the sanitizer has dried will reduce its effectiveness. Why? Hand sanitizer is only effective for as long as it is wet on the skin. Once dried, its germ-fighting power has evaporated.

Myth #4: They Are Safe for Everyone

Surprised to see that this is a myth? According to the National Institute of Health, alcohol-based products pose a poisoning risk to children and can negatively affect fetal development in pregnant women. The CDC recommends supervision for young children using alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Additionally, alcohol is not ideal for those with sensitive skin. Its drying properties can leave the skin further stripped of its natural oils and even allow the entry of pathogenic microorganisms.

Are Products without Alcohol Effective?

Yes, alcohol-free hand sanitizers can be just as effective as alcohol-based products. In fact, Graphical Research found that alcohol-free sanitizers have a faster growth rate of 34.4% compared to alcohol-based products due to consumer demand.

According to the FDA monograph, alternative active agents like benzalkonium chloride are just as effective as alcohol at killing germs. By disrupting the cell membranes and metabolic functions of germs, this agent provides longer-lasting protection against microorganisms. Unlike alcohol, which evaporates within 1-2 minutes, benzalkonium chloride remains on the skin, offering extended protection.

When choosing between alcohol-free and alcohol-based products, consider the differences between antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial products target bacteria only, while antimicrobial solutions eliminate a broader range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and viruses). If comprehensive protection is just as important as avoiding alcohol, antimicrobial products are your best option.

The Benefits of Alcohol-Free Solutions

Gentler on the Skin: Alcohol-free formulas do not dry out the skin like alcohol-based formulations, making them ideal for people with sensitive skin or those who need to protect against germs frequently.
Safer for Children and Pregnant Women: Without the harmful effects of alcohol, these products are safer for all ages and pregnant women, reducing risks.
Long-Lasting Protection: Unlike alcohol-based sanitizers that evaporate very quickly, these alternatives can provide ongoing protection depending on their formulation.

The Takeaway

Understanding the effectiveness of hand sanitizers can help you make more informed choices about your hygiene practices. Depending on your specific needs and skin conditions, it may also be important to seek alcohol-free options to keep your skin germ-free and happy.

Hand Sanitizers with Alcohol:

Kill germs on contact when containing at least 60%+ alcohol
Require frequent reapplication to stay protected
May pose risks to children and pregnant women
Can lead to skin irritation, dryness, damage
Allow for the potential entry of pathogenic microorganisms
Are not environmentally friendly

If these risks don’t apply to you, alcohol-based hand sanitizers may suffice. However, for those prioritizing their skin health, alcohol-free alternatives might be a better choice. Products like LSC’s Antimicrobial Moisturizer offer over four hours of protection against germs, providing an effective solution without the harshness of alcohol. But remember, nothing beats the efficacy of good hand washing. When possible, utilizing a gentle, yet effective wash like LSC’s Antimicrobial Cleanser is always best.